1- Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
2- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan
2- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan
Abstract: (59 Views)
Introduction and Objective: In today's conditions, the speed and scope of trade are such that the share of several countries in world trade has exceeded their share of global production. In this process, considering that the volume of world trade increases every year, it is necessary to make continuous efforts in every country along with the growth of world trade. Due to the exhaustion of oil resources, the development of non-oil exports is an inevitable necessity. Among the non-oil exports, the export of agricultural products has an important role and a special place in the macro economy of the country. With 116,000 hectares, Mazandaran province has the largest cultivated area and with 2.3 million tons, it has the highest production rate and the second place in the country's citrus yield per unit area. The share of Mazandaran province in the global production of citrus fruits is about 1.65%. and the cultivated area of citrus groves in the country is about 215 thousand km, of which more than 45% is at the disposal of Mazandaran province.
Material and Methods: The purpose of this research was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the export of citrus using the opinion of 30 experts and experts related to the field of citrus export and the expert faculty members of Mazandaran province in this matter. In this regard, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to identify the effective and important factors in the export of citrus fruits from the five perspectives of marketing, transportation, administrative and customs regulations, warehousing and packaging, and the entropy technique was used to calculate their weight. Is. In the following, the TOPSIS method was used to prioritize the factors affecting the export of citrus fruits. Using 30 questionnaires, this research has identified 34 factors (indices) from the aspects of marketing, transportation, administrative and customs regulations, warehousing, and packaging for the factors affecting the export of citrus fruit, which includes 11 marketing factors (Existence of intermediaries in the marketing of citrus fruits, Lack of familiarity with marketing principles by citrus export activists, The high cost of transporting and storing citrus fruits, The quality of citrus fruits sent for export, Not having a valid international brand, Lack of continuity in exports, Setting up commercial offices in target countries, Improper packaging, Holding internal and external exhibitions to introduce citrus fruits, Failure to identify the demands of target market consumers, Long time to clear the goods ), 4 transportation factors (Transportation infrastructure, including the number of transportation fleets and the country's roads, etc., The quality of the means of transportation (having a cold room, etc. to reduce injuries and the quality of the cargo), Long transportation time from citrus production to export, the cost of transporting citrus fruits) And mentioned, 8 factors of administrative and customs regulations (Credit and export facilities, Low and unstable support policies, High customs tariff, Political and commercial relations with the destination country, Complex and variable citrus export laws, The number of decision-making centers in the matter of citrus exports, Lack of familiarity with international trade laws by businessmen, The instability of the country's export policies), 6 factors of warehousing ( Lack of warehouse capacity, Quality and health standards of citrus warehouses, creating suitable storage and maintenance facilities for citrus fruits, Cold storage and unsuitable environments for keeping citrus fruit, Creating and developing and equipping the export terminal, Improper location of warehouses) and 5 factors of packaging (Mechanized packing and sorting system, Citrus labeling, packaging size, packaging Attractive, Packaging strength) were used to evaluate the factors affecting the export of citrus fruits.
Results: The results of factor weighting using entropy technique showed that citrus marketing criterion with weight (0.3234), administrative and customs regulation criterion with weight (0.2355), warehousing criterion with weight (0.1761), packaging criterion with weight (0.1470) and transportation standard by weight (0.1180) and also from the aspect of citrus marketing, holding domestic and foreign exhibitions to introduce citrus by weight (0.68275), from the aspect of administrative and customs regulations, the number of decision centers Regarding the export of citrus fruits by weight (0.67841), from the aspect of storage, inappropriate location of warehouses by weight (0.66667), from the aspect of packaging, the strength of packaging by weight (0.60369) and from the aspect of transportation, The quality of the means of transportation (having a cold room, etc., to reduce injuries and the quality of the cargo) with a weight of (0.59622) has been assigned the highest weight among other factors. Also, the results of the prioritization of factors with the TOPSIS technique showed that citrus marketing, administrative and customs regulations, warehousing, packaging, and transportation have high importance and priority in the factors affecting export.
Conclusion: The general results of this research indicate that the factors affecting the export of citrus fruit should be taken into consideration by organizations related to the field of agriculture to achieve the development goals of citrus export.
Material and Methods: The purpose of this research was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the export of citrus using the opinion of 30 experts and experts related to the field of citrus export and the expert faculty members of Mazandaran province in this matter. In this regard, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to identify the effective and important factors in the export of citrus fruits from the five perspectives of marketing, transportation, administrative and customs regulations, warehousing and packaging, and the entropy technique was used to calculate their weight. Is. In the following, the TOPSIS method was used to prioritize the factors affecting the export of citrus fruits. Using 30 questionnaires, this research has identified 34 factors (indices) from the aspects of marketing, transportation, administrative and customs regulations, warehousing, and packaging for the factors affecting the export of citrus fruit, which includes 11 marketing factors (Existence of intermediaries in the marketing of citrus fruits, Lack of familiarity with marketing principles by citrus export activists, The high cost of transporting and storing citrus fruits, The quality of citrus fruits sent for export, Not having a valid international brand, Lack of continuity in exports, Setting up commercial offices in target countries, Improper packaging, Holding internal and external exhibitions to introduce citrus fruits, Failure to identify the demands of target market consumers, Long time to clear the goods ), 4 transportation factors (Transportation infrastructure, including the number of transportation fleets and the country's roads, etc., The quality of the means of transportation (having a cold room, etc. to reduce injuries and the quality of the cargo), Long transportation time from citrus production to export, the cost of transporting citrus fruits) And mentioned, 8 factors of administrative and customs regulations (Credit and export facilities, Low and unstable support policies, High customs tariff, Political and commercial relations with the destination country, Complex and variable citrus export laws, The number of decision-making centers in the matter of citrus exports, Lack of familiarity with international trade laws by businessmen, The instability of the country's export policies), 6 factors of warehousing ( Lack of warehouse capacity, Quality and health standards of citrus warehouses, creating suitable storage and maintenance facilities for citrus fruits, Cold storage and unsuitable environments for keeping citrus fruit, Creating and developing and equipping the export terminal, Improper location of warehouses) and 5 factors of packaging (Mechanized packing and sorting system, Citrus labeling, packaging size, packaging Attractive, Packaging strength) were used to evaluate the factors affecting the export of citrus fruits.
Results: The results of factor weighting using entropy technique showed that citrus marketing criterion with weight (0.3234), administrative and customs regulation criterion with weight (0.2355), warehousing criterion with weight (0.1761), packaging criterion with weight (0.1470) and transportation standard by weight (0.1180) and also from the aspect of citrus marketing, holding domestic and foreign exhibitions to introduce citrus by weight (0.68275), from the aspect of administrative and customs regulations, the number of decision centers Regarding the export of citrus fruits by weight (0.67841), from the aspect of storage, inappropriate location of warehouses by weight (0.66667), from the aspect of packaging, the strength of packaging by weight (0.60369) and from the aspect of transportation, The quality of the means of transportation (having a cold room, etc., to reduce injuries and the quality of the cargo) with a weight of (0.59622) has been assigned the highest weight among other factors. Also, the results of the prioritization of factors with the TOPSIS technique showed that citrus marketing, administrative and customs regulations, warehousing, packaging, and transportation have high importance and priority in the factors affecting export.
Conclusion: The general results of this research indicate that the factors affecting the export of citrus fruit should be taken into consideration by organizations related to the field of agriculture to achieve the development goals of citrus export.
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